Evidence of a lost medieval civilization was also found in that region. Shards taken from the Arctic and Antarctic ice cores revealed immense tephra dispersal associated with the eruption. One of these was the discovery of huge amounts of pyroclastic flow deposits as far as 25 km (15.5 miles) from the suspected volcano. mention several other interesting facts discovered by analysis of ice core from the artic, tree ring samples, and radiocarbon dating among the regions of Lombok.
Lavigne et al., in an article from 2013, mention "estimates based on sulfate deposition in these records suggest that it yielded the largest volcanic sulfur release to the stratosphere over the last 7,000 years." However, it was not until recently that archaeological scientific techniques were able to further confirm what was written in the Babad Lombok. With this one event, an entire civilization was changed forever. Eye-witness accounts were recorded on palm leaves that were eventually formed into the Babad Lombok, a palm leaf manuscript containing the history of Lombok. The explosion was so immense that ash and rock fell over 340 kilometers (211 miles) away in Java. The eruption caused many casualties, including several human habitations and Pamatan, the Lombok capital. This immense event buried most of Lombok and even reached neighboring islands. As the volcano erupted, it created pyroclastic flows, the term for fast-moving currents of hot gas and volcanic matter. This single catastrophic event was considered one of the largest eruptions ever recorded during the Holocene Epoch.
Though there is much debate regarding what might have caused the sudden drop of temperature during that time, many scholars believe the Little Ice Age may have correlated with the Mount Salamas volcanic eruption which occurred sometime between 12 AD. And perhaps, these changes had a significant impact on these cultures and countries themselves.Ĭould the 1257 Mount Salamas eruption, in Indonesia, have created the era known as the Little Ice Age? ( niyazz / Adobe Stock) The Ripple Effect of the Salamas Volcanic Eruption It appears that the eruption shaped culture and technology for the societies that experienced it. After this one single event, countries around the world were affected in different ways. The primary culprit may have been the 1257 Mount Salamas eruption, which took place in Lombok, Indonesia. Though there is no conclusive evidence to explain why this phenomenon happened, there is a working hypothesis to what may have caused it. While other areas became plentiful and prosperous, both benefiting and lending favorable conditions to strengthen various human civilizations. Some regions of the world were severely affected, leading to war, famine, disease, and even abandonment. Unlike the previous ice ages and warm periods, which caused havoc to the environment and forced humanity to change its survival methods, the Little Ice Age had varying effects. Now please be forewarned, the Little Ice Age (LIA) should not be confused with the Medieval Warm Period, or the Last Glacial Period, since it carries its own unique events that may have changed the course of history for many human cultures around the globe.
The Little Ice Age is a period tentatively defined as running from the 13 th/14 th to the 19 th century in which the northern hemisphere of Earth endured a limited but substantial cooling period.
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